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使用 ARM 和 PowerShell 配置 Azure 环境

Swapna Patnaik
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2.87/5 (7投票s)

2016 年 12 月 29 日

CPOL

3分钟阅读

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使用 ARM 和 PowerShell 配置 Azure 环境

引言

在将现有应用程序迁移到云或将新开发的应用程序部署到 Azure 的场景中，我们会提出一个部署架构，其中包含相当数量的资源（VM、网站、数据库等），需要在云环境中创建和部署。手动逐个创建资源不仅耗时，还会增加人力成本。我们可以考虑一种替代方法来优化流程并降低成本。本文介绍如何部署 Azure 资源和配置 Azure 环境，以及如何使用 Azure 资源管理器和 PowerShell 管理 Azure 资源。

背景

Azure 资源管理器

本文将引导您使用 Azure 资源管理器模板和 PowerShell cmdlet 在 Azure 中部署资源。我们将首先创建一个 ARM 模板来创建和部署虚拟机。然后，我们将引导您了解如何在 Azure 环境中查看和删除资源。

什么是 Azure 资源管理器？

ARM 是一个 Rest API，可以使用不同的工具将所有资源作为一组进行部署、管理和监控，并允许自动化在 Azure 中部署和配置混合基础架构。它可以在整个开发生命周期中重复部署解决方案，并确保资源以一致的状态部署。ARM 提供安全性、审计和标记功能，帮助您在部署后管理资源。它将访问控制应用于资源组中的所有服务，因为基于角色的访问控制 (RBAC) 原生集成到管理平台中。我们使用模板进行部署，该模板可以用于不同的环境，例如测试、暂存和生产环境。

对于您使用 PowerShell、Azure CLI、Azure 门户、REST API 和 Visual Studio 等工具通过 Azure 执行的任务，ARM 提供了一致的管理层。使用 ARM 模板，我们可以将完整的开发、测试或生产环境作为一组或解决方案进行部署和管理资源。ARM 支持创建自动化帐户、运行手册、凭据和变量，就像 VM 一样。每次运行模板时，都会创建或修改这些资源。

使用代码

创建 ARM 模板

  1. VM 创建模板：VirtualMachineTemplate.json
{

  "$schema": "http://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2014-04-01-preview/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "newStorageAccountName": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "Description": "The name of the storage account where the VM disk is stored."
      }
    },
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "Description": "The name of the administrator account on the VM."
      }
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "metadata": {
        "Description": "The administrator account password on the VM."
      }
      },

      "dnsNameForPublicIP": {
        "type": "string",
        "metadata": {
          "Description": "The name of the public IP address used to access the VM."
        }
      }    
    },
    "variables": {
      "location": "Central US",
      "imagePublisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
      "imageOffer": "WindowsServer",
      "windowsOSVersion": "2012-R2-Datacenter",
      "OSDiskName": "osdisk1",
      "nicName": "myvmnic",
      "addressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
      "subnetName": "sn1",
      "subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
      "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
      "publicIPAddressName": "mypublicip",
      "publicIPAddressType": "Dynamic",
      "vmStorageAccountContainerName": "vhds",
      "vmName": "MyWindowsVM",
      "vmSize": "Standard_A0",
      "virtualNetworkName": "myvnet",
      "vnetID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks',variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
      "subnetRef": "[concat(variables('vnetID'),'/subnets/',variables('subnetName'))]"
    },
    "resources": [
      {
        "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
        "name": "[parameters('newStorageAccountName')]",
        "apiVersion": "2015-06-15",
        "location": "[variables('location')]",
        "properties": {
          "accountType": "[variables('storageAccountType')]"
        }
      },      {

        "apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
        "name": "[variables('publicIPAddressName')]",
        "location": "[variables('location')]",
        "properties": {
          "publicIPAllocationMethod": "[variables('publicIPAddressType')]",
          "dnsSettings": {
            "domainNameLabel": "[parameters('dnsNameForPublicIP')]"
          }}},
      {
        "apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
        "name": "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
        "location": "[variables('location')]",
        "properties": {
          "addressSpace": {
            "addressPrefixes": [
              "[variables('addressPrefix')]"
            ]},
          "subnets": [
            {
              "name": "[variables('subnetName')]",
              "properties": {
                "addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]"
              } } ] }
      },
      {
        "apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
        "name": "[variables('nicName')]",
        "location": "[variables('location')]",
        "dependsOn": [
          "[concat('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/', variables('publicIPAddressName'))]",
          "[concat('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]"
        ],
        "properties": {
          "ipConfigurations": [
            {
              "name": "ipconfig1",
              "properties": {
                "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
                "publicIPAddress": {
                  "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses',variables('publicIPAddressName'))]"
                },
                "subnet": {
                  "id": "[variables('subnetRef')]"
                } } } ] }
      },
      {
        "apiVersion": "2015-06-15",
        "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
        "name": "[variables('vmName')]",
        "location": "[variables('location')]",
        "dependsOn": [
          "[concat('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/', parameters('newStorageAccountName'))]",
          "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', variables('nicName'))]"
        ],
        "properties": {
          "hardwareProfile": {
            "vmSize": "[variables('vmSize')]"
          },
          "osProfile": {
            "computername": "[variables('vmName')]",
            "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
            "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
          },
          "storageProfile": {
            "imageReference": {
              "publisher": "[variables('imagePublisher')]",
              "offer": "[variables('imageOffer')]",
              "sku": "[variables('windowsOSVersion')]",
              "version": "latest"
            },
            "osDisk": {
              "name": "osdisk",
              "vhd": {
                "uri": "[concat('http://',parameters('newStorageAccountName'),'.blob.core.windows.net/',variables('vmStorageAccountContainerName'),'/',variables('OSDiskName'),'.vhd')]"
              },
              "caching": "ReadWrite",
              "createOption": "FromImage"
            }
          },
          "networkProfile": {
            "networkInterfaces": [
              {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces',variables('nicName'))]"
              } ] } } } ]}

    2.VM 参数模板：Parameter.json

param(
    {
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "newStorageAccountName": {
      "value": "xxxxxxxxxxx"
    },
    "adminUserName": {
      "value": "xxxxxxxxx"
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "value": "xxxxxxxxxxx"
    },
    "dnsNameForPublicIP": {
      "value": "xxxxxxxxxxx"
    }
  }
}

3.将这些模板保存到本地路径，该路径需要作为参数传递给 PowerShell cmdlet。

执行 PowerShell Cmdlet 的先决条件

要执行 ARM PowerShell cmdlet，需要满足以下系统先决条件

  1. DotNet Framework 版本 4.5 及以上
  2. PowerShell 版本 4.0 及以上

Azure Power Shell

使用 PowerShell 部署 Azure 资源

  1. 登录到 Azure：打开“Windows PowerShell”命令提示符，并使用以下 cmdlet 登录到 Azure 平台。
LogIn-AzureRmAccount or Add-AzureRmAccount

   输入上述命令后，将提示登录屏幕以验证最终用户。我们需要提供 Azure 订阅 ID 和密码。

 

2.创建资源组：Azure 资源组是一个逻辑容器，其中包含您要作为一组管理的资源。

New-AzureRmResourceGroup -Name TestRG1 -Location "South Central US"

输出格式如下

ResourceGroupName : TestRG1
Location          : southcentralus
ProvisioningState : Succeeded
Tags              :
ResourceId        : /subscriptions/{guid}/resourceGroups/TestRG1

3.在 Azure 门户中部署资源

以下 cmdlet 用于在 Azure 中部署资源

New-AzureRmResourceGroupDeployment –ResourceGroupName ‘NameOfResourceGroup’ –TemplateFile ‘PathOfVMTemplateFile’ –TemplateParameterFile ‘PathOfVmParametersTemplateFile’

成功部署后，PowerShell 屏幕中将显示以下消息。

我们可以修改 json 模板以扩展资源数量，并通过执行单个 cmdlet 部署多个资源。

当我们登录到 Azure 环境时，可以看到资源已启动并正在运行。

4.使用单个 ARM 模板创建多个资源

以下 ARM 模板可以重复使用，以便一次创建多个 VM Azure。

{
  "$schema": "http://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2014-04-01-preview/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "newStorageAccountName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "newstorageacfortest",
      "metadata": {
        "Description": "The name of the storage account where the VM disk is stored."
      }
    },
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "TestAdminUser",
      "metadata": {
        "Description": "The name of the administrator account on the VM."
      }
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "defaultValue": "Priyadarshini12#",
      "metadata": {
        "Description": "The administrator account password on the VM."
      }
    },
    "numberOfInstances": {
      "type": "int",
      "defaultValue": 3,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Number of VMs to deploy"
      }
    },
    "multipleVMNames": {
      "type": "array",
      "defaultValue": [
        "27WindowsVM",
        "WebSite",
        "TestApi"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Multiple VM Names array"
      }
    },
    "dnsNameForPublicIP": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "dnsnameforiptest",
      "metadata": {
        "Description": "The name of the public IP address used to access the VM."
      }
   }
  },
  "variables": {
    "location": "Japan East",
    "imagePublisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
    "imageOffer": "WindowsServer",
    "windowsOSVersion": "2012-R2-Datacenter",
    "OSDiskName": "osdisk1",
    "nicName": "8myvmnic",
    "addressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
    "subnetName": "sn1",
    "subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
    "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
    "publicIPAddressName": "8mypublicip",
    "publicIPAddressType": "Dynamic",
    "vmStorageAccountContainerName": "vhds",
    "vmName": "27WindowsVM,WebSite,TestApi",
    "vmSize": "Standard_A0",
    "virtualNetworkName": "myvnet8",
    "vnetID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks',variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "subnetRef": "[concat(variables('vnetID'),'/subnets/',variables('subnetName'))]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "name": "[parameters('newStorageAccountName')]",
      "apiVersion": "2015-06-15",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "accountType": "[variables('storageAccountType')]"
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name": "[concat(variables('publicIPAddressName'), copyindex())]",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "copy": {
        "name": "ipLoop",
        "count": "[parameters('numberOfInstances')]"
      },
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "[variables('publicIPAddressType')]",
        "dnsSettings": {
          "domainNameLabel": "[concat(parameters('dnsNameForPublicIP'),copyindex())]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "name": "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "[variables('addressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets": [
          {
            "name": "[variables('subnetName')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]"
            } } ]}
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "name": "[concat(variables('nicName'), copyindex())]",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "copy": {
        "name": "nicLoop",
        "count": "[parameters('numberOfInstances')]"
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "ipconfig1",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[variables('subnetRef')]"
              } }} ]}
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2015-06-15",
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "name": "[parameters('multipleVMNames')[copyIndex()]]",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "copy": {
        "name": "vmLoop",
        "count": "[parameters('numberOfInstances')]"
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/', parameters('newStorageAccountName'))]",
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', variables('nicName'), copyindex())]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "hardwareProfile": {
          "vmSize": "[variables('vmSize')]"
        },
        "osProfile": {
          "computerName": "[parameters('multipleVMNames')[copyIndex()]]",
          "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
          "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
        },
        "storageProfile": {
          "imageReference": {
            "publisher": "[variables('imagePublisher')]",
            "offer": "[variables('imageOffer')]",
            "sku": "[variables('windowsOSVersion')]",
            "version": "latest"
          },
          "osDisk": {
            "name": "osdisk",
            "vhd": {
              "uri": "[concat('http://',parameters('newStorageAccountName'),'.blob.core.windows.net/',variables('vmStorageAccountContainerName'),'/',variables('OSDiskName'), copyIndex() ,'.vhd')]"
            },
            "caching": "ReadWrite",
            "createOption": "FromImage"
          }
        },
        "networkProfile": {
          "networkInterfaces": [
            {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces',concat(variables('nicName'), copyindex()))]"
            }] } } } ]
}

查找资源组中的资源

用于查找资源组中的资源的 Cmdlet

Find-AzureRmResource –ResourceGroupNameContains ‘XXXXXXXX’

使用 PowerShell 删除资源

从 Azure 中删除资源的 Cmdlet

Remove-AzureRmResource –Name ‘XXXXXXXXX’ –ResourceGroupName ‘XXXXXXXX’ –ResourceType ‘XXXXXXXXXXXXX’

我们可以在 Azure 门户中检查删除操作的状态。

结论： ARM 是一个非常有效的 API，可用于部署和管理资源。我们可以使用 ARM 模板和 PowerShell cmdlet 配置和管理 Azure 环境的资源。我们不仅可以在 SDLC 的不同阶段重复执行它们，还可以在不同的环境中（如开发、测试、生产）部署 Azure 资源，从而降低成本和时间。

 

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