测试架构设计评估系统 - 基于行为的测试

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引言

在我之前的文章《测试架构设计的评估系统》中，我向大家介绍了八个用于测试架构设计的评估标准。为了更全面地理解该系统，我将用它来评估几个实际示例，为每个标准进行评分，并解释我的理由。我们将要评估的第二类测试是基于行为的测试（乐高式测试）。如果您不熟悉行为设计模式（乐高设计模式），可以阅读我的文章《自动化测试中的高级行为设计模式（第二部分）》。

基于行为的测试

抽象行为

public abstract class WaitableActionBehaviour : IBehaviour
{
    public void Execute()
    {
        this.PerformAct();
        this.PerformPostActWait();
    }

    protected abstract void PerformAct();

    protected abstract void PerformPostActWait();
}

通常，一个行为会执行一个页面特定的工作流程——执行操作并等待一个条件。行为有不同的类型——仅操作、仅断言、两者结合或添加额外的预/后等待条件（等待页面加载或等待元素可见）。上面是所有行为的基类，它首先执行操作，然后等待某事发生。

具体行为

public class PreviewShoppingCartPageProceedBehaviour : WaitableActionBehaviour
{
    private readonly PreviewShoppingCartPage previewShoppingCartPage;
    private readonly SignInPage signInPage;

    public PreviewShoppingCartPageProceedBehaviour()
    {
        this.previewShoppingCartPage = 
        UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer().Resolve<PreviewShoppingCartPage>();
        this.signInPage = 
        UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer().Resolve<SignInPage>(); 
    }

    protected override void PerformAct()
    {
        this.previewShoppingCartPage.ClickProceedToCheckoutButton();
    }

    protected override void PerformPostActWait()
    {
        this.signInPage.WaitForPageToLoad();
    }
}

特定行为的具体实现不必重写基类的所有方法（如果存在后/预等待和断言方法，则类可以只重写其中一个）。行为会持有所有依赖页面或其他服务的私有实例。它们通过 Unity IoC 容器在行为的构造函数中初始化。

带参数的行为

public class ShippingAddressPageFillDifferentBillingBehaviour : ActionBehaviour
{
    private readonly ShippingAddressPage shippingAddressPage;
    private readonly ShippingPaymentPage shippingPaymentPage;
    private readonly PerfectSystemTestsDesign.Data.ClientPurchaseInfo clientPurchaseInfo;

    public ShippingAddressPageFillDifferentBillingBehaviour(ClientPurchaseInfo clientPurchaseInfo)
    {
        this.shippingAddressPage = UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer().Resolve<ShippingAddressPage>();
        this.shippingPaymentPage = UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer().Resolve<ShippingPaymentPage>();
        this.clientPurchaseInfo = clientPurchaseInfo;
    }

    protected override void PerformAct()
    {
        this.shippingAddressPage.ClickDifferentBillingCheckBox(this.clientPurchaseInfo);
        this.shippingAddressPage.ClickContinueButton();
        this.shippingPaymentPage.ClickBottomContinueButton();
        this.shippingAddressPage.FillBillingInfo(this.clientPurchaseInfo);
    }
}

如果需要，特定的行为可以接受自定义参数。

测试中的行为使用

[TestMethod]
public void Purchase_SimpleBehaviourEngine()
{
    var itemUrl = "/Selenium-Testing-Cookbook-Gundecha-Unmesh/dp/1849515743";
    var itemPrice = "40.49";
    var clientPurchaseInfo = new ClientPurchaseInfo(
        new ClientAddressInfo()
        {
            FullName = "John Smith",
            Country = "United States",
            Address1 = "950 Avenue of the Americas",
            State = "New York",
            City = "New York City",
            Zip = "10001-2121",
            Phone = "00164644885569"
        });
    clientPurchaseInfo.CouponCode = "99PERDIS";
    var clientLoginInfo = new ClientLoginInfo()
    {
        Email = "g3984159@trbvm.com",
        Password = "ASDFG_12345"
    };
    PerfectSystemTestsDesign.Behaviours.Core.BehaviourExecutor.Execute(
        new ItemPageNavigationBehaviour(itemUrl),
        new ItemPageBuyBehaviour(),
        new PreviewShoppingCartPageProceedBehaviour(),
        new SignInPageLoginBehaviour(clientLoginInfo),
        new ShippingAddressPageFillShippingBehaviour(clientPurchaseInfo),
        new ShippingAddressPageFillDifferentBillingBehaviour(clientPurchaseInfo),
        new ShippingAddressPageContinueBehaviour(),
        new ShippingPaymentPageContinueBehaviour(),
        new PlaceOrderPageAssertFinalAmountsBehaviour(itemPrice));
}

行为被添加到一个特殊的行为执行器列表中，该执行器负责以适当的方式执行它们。如果行为依赖于任何数据，则在传递给其构造函数时提供。

行为设计模式的优点

• 可读性强
• 可以详细查看工作流程的步骤

如果您不想执行某些断言的微型工作流程，只需不将其行为包含在列表中即可。遵循最小知识原则，因为您只将所需数据传递给行为的构造函数。

行为设计模式的缺点

引入了大量新类。编写新测试的速度变慢，因为现在需要初始化所有必需的行为。测试编写过程更容易出错，因为您可能会弄错步骤顺序或为某些行为参数分配错误的值。

评估基于行为的测试——评估系统

可维护性

[Binding]
public class SignInPageLoginBehaviour : WaitableActionBehaviour
{
    private readonly SignInPage signInPage;
    private readonly ShippingAddressPage shippingAddressPage;
    private ClientLoginInfo clientLoginInfo;

    public SignInPageLoginBehaviour()
    {
        this.signInPage = 
            UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer().Resolve<SignInPage>();
        this.shippingAddressPage = 
            UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer().Resolve<ShippingAddressPage>(); 
    }

    [When(@"I login with email = ""([^""]*)"" and pass = ""([^""]*)""")]
    public void LoginWithEmailAndPass(string email, string password)
    {
        this.clientLoginInfo = new ClientLoginInfo
        {
            Email = email,
            Password = password
        };
        base.Execute();
    }

    protected override void PerformPostActWait()
    {
        this.shippingAddressPage.WaitForPageToLoad();
    }

    protected override void PerformAct()
    {
        this.signInPage.Login(this.clientLoginInfo.Email, this.clientLoginInfo.Password);
    }
}

BehaviourExecutor.Execute(
    new ItemPageNavigationBehaviour(itemUrl),
    new ItemPageBuyBehaviour(),
    new PreviewShoppingCartPageProceedBehaviour(),
    new SignInPageLoginBehaviour(clientLoginInfo),
    new ShippingAddressPageFillShippingBehaviour(clientPurchaseInfo),
    new ShippingAddressPageFillDifferentBillingBehaviour(clientPurchaseInfo),
    new ShippingAddressPageContinueBehaviour(),
    new ShippingPaymentPageContinueBehaviour(),
    new PlaceOrderPageAssertFinalAmountsBehaviour(itemPrice));

BehaviourExecutor.Execute(
    new ItemPageNavigationBehaviour(itemUrl),
    new ItemPageBuyBehaviour(),
    new PreviewShoppingCartPageProceedBehaviour(),
    new SignInPageLoginBehaviour(clientLoginInfo),
    new ShippingAddressPageFillShippingBehaviour(clientPurchaseInfo),
    new ShippingAddressPageFillDifferentBillingBehaviour(clientPurchaseInfo),
    new ShippingAddressPageContinueBehaviour(),
    new ShippingPaymentPageContinueBehaviour(),
    new PlaceOrderPageAssertFinalAmountsBehaviour(itemPrice));