将您的 Android 应用连接到您的 WAMP 服务器
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引言
本教程简要介绍如何将您的 Android 应用集成到 Wamp 服务器：它可以托管在您的本地计算机或远程服务器上。
背景
Android 有一个内置的数据库，称为 SQLITE，它随 Android 一起提供，但问题是开发人员当时没有考虑对象（OOP），而今天的编程围绕着对象的使用（OOP），因此使用 MYSQL 将为您提供更好的 OOP 风格和抽象，从而更快地响应复杂查询。
另一点是出于安全目的；在 SQL 中使用数据库可以提供更好的安全性以及更大的存储空间。
使用代码
以下是完整的示例源代码，但在部署此代码之前，请确保以下内容：
- 将您的 Apache httpd.conf 文件设置为接受来自所有服务/连接的连接，即 Allow from all
- 确保您使用支持 PHP 数据对象 ( PDO )的 WAMPSERVER 2.4、Apache/2.4.4 和 PHP/5.4.16http://www.wampserver.com/en/
- 对于 URL，请使用远程 IP 地址，例如 192.168.0.1/jsondemo.register.php。不要使用您的本地地址，例如 127.0.0.1/register.php 或 localhost/register.php，因为应用程序总是会崩溃，因此请确保您的 PC 连接到网络、互联网，以便它可以获得有效的 IP 地址。
- 将 php 代码放入您的 wamp www 目录中
- 然后将示例数据库导入到您的服务器中
以下是 xml 文件，用于收集有关要注册的用户的个人信息。保持一切基本。
//
// <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<!-- firstname -->
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="FirstName:"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:textSize="17sp"/>
<!-- firstname input -->
<EditText android:id="@+id/fname"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="5dip"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dip"
android:singleLine="true"/>
<!-- lastname -->
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="LastName:"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:textSize="17sp"/>
<!-- lastname input -->
<EditText android:id="@+id/lname"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dip"
android:singleLine="true"/>
<!-- username -->
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Username:"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:textSize="17sp"/>
<!-- username input -->
<EditText android:id="@+id/uname"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
android:singleLine="true"/>
<!-- password -->
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Password:"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:textSize="17dip"/>
<!-- password input -->
<EditText android:id="@+id/pass"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
android:singleLine="true"
android:inputType="textPassword"/>
<!-- address -->
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Address"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:textSize="17sp"/>
<!-- address input -->
<EditText android:id="@+id/addr"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="5dip"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dip"
android:singleLine="true"/>
<!-- contact -->
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Contact:"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:textSize="17sp"/>
<!-- contact input -->
<EditText android:id="@+id/contact"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
android:singleLine="true"/>
<!-- Button Register -->
<Button android:id="@+id/btnreg"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Submit"/>
<!-- Button Cancel -->
<Button android:id="@+id/btncancel"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Cancel"/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
//
以下是 JSONParser 类，它以 POST 或 GET 方法的形式发送 http 请求，以及获取 MYSQL 查询发送的 JSON 数据。
//
package com.code256.jsonmysql;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.util.Log;
public class JSONParser{
static InputStream is = null;
static JSONObject jObj = null;
static String json = "";
// constructor
public JSONParser() {
}
// function get json from url
// by making HTTP POST or GET mehtod
public JSONObject makeHttpRequest(String url, String method,
List<NameValuePair> params) {
// Making HTTP request
try {
// check for request method
if(method == "POST"){
// request method is POST
// defaultHttpClient
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params));
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
is = httpEntity.getContent();
}else if(method == "GET"){
// request method is GET
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
String paramString = URLEncodedUtils.format(params, "utf-8");
url += "?" + paramString;
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
is = httpEntity.getContent();
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
is, "iso-8859-1"), 8);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
is.close();
json = sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("Buffer Error", "Error converting result " + e.toString());
}
// try parse the string to a JSON object
try {
jObj = new JSONObject(json);
} catch (JSONException e) {
Log.e("JSON Parser", "Error parsing data " + e.toString());
}
// return JSON String
return jObj;
}
public JSONObject getJSONFromUrl(final String url) {
// Making HTTP request
try {
// Construct the client and the HTTP request.
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// Execute the POST request and store the response locally.
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// Extract data from the response.
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
// Open an inputStream with the data content.
is = httpEntity.getContent();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
// Create a BufferedReader to parse through the inputStream.
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
is, "iso-8859-1"), 8);
// Declare a string builder to help with the parsing.
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// Declare a string to store the JSON object data in string form.
String line = null;
// Build the string until null.
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
// Close the input stream.
is.close();
// Convert the string builder data to an actual string.
json = sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("Buffer Error", "Error converting result " + e.toString());
}
// Try to parse the string to a JSON object
try {
jObj = new JSONObject(json);
} catch (JSONException e) {
Log.e("JSON Parser", "Error parsing data " + e.toString());
}
// Return the JSON Object.
return jObj;
}
}
//
//
以下是一个类，它与我们的布局 reg_activity.xml 交互。我正在使用 AsyncTask<String, String, String> 辅助类，它执行后台操作并在 UI 线程中发布结果，而无需操作线程或其他处理程序。异步任务由 3 种泛型类型（称为 Params、Progress 和 Result）和 4 个步骤（称为 onPreExecute、doInBackground、onProgressUpdate 和 onPostExecute）定义。
//
package com.code256.jsonmysql;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class RegActivity extends Activity {
// Progress Dialog
private ProgressDialog pDialog;
JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();
EditText fname;
EditText lname;
EditText username;
EditText password;
EditText location;
EditText contact;
Button btnreg;
Button btncancel;
// url to create new product
private static String url_new_user = "http://172.16.3.82/jsonmysqldemo/new_user.php";
// JSON Node names
private static final String TAG_SUCCESS = "success";
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.reg_activity);
// Edit Text
fname = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.fname);
lname = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.lname);
username = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.uname);
password = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.pass);
location = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.addr);
contact = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.contact);
// Create button
btnreg = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnreg);
btncancel = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btncancel);
// button click event
btnreg.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
// creating new product in background thread
new CreateNewProduct().execute();
}
});
btncancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
finish();
Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
}
});
}
/**
* Background Async Task to Create new product
* */
class CreateNewProduct extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {
/**
* Before starting background thread Show Progress Dialog
* */
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
pDialog = new ProgressDialog(RegActivity.this);
pDialog.setMessage("Registering New User..");
pDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
pDialog.setCancelable(true);
pDialog.show();
}
/**
* Creating product
* */
protected String doInBackground(String... args) {
String Firstname = fname.getText().toString();
String Lastname = lname.getText().toString();
String Username = username.getText().toString();
String Password = password.getText().toString();
String Address = location.getText().toString();
String Contact = contact.getText().toString();
// Building Parameters
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("fname", Firstname));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("lname", Lastname));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", Username));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", Password));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("location", Address));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("contact", Contact));
// getting JSON Object
// Note that create product url accepts POST method
JSONObject json = jsonParser.makeHttpRequest(url_new_user,
"POST", params);
// check log cat from response
Log.d("Create Response", json.toString());
// check for success tag
try {
int success = json.getInt(TAG_SUCCESS);
if (success == 1) {
// successfully created a user
Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), RegActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
// closing this screen
finish();
} else {
// failed to create user
Log.d("failed to create user", json.toString());
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* After completing background task Dismiss the progress dialog
* **/
protected void onPostExecute(String file_url) {
// dismiss the dialog once done
pDialog.dismiss();
}
}
}
以下是 manifest xml 文件。除了我们需要一些 互联网权限之外，所有内容都是基本的，因为这个简单的应用程序需要访问互联网。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.code256.jsonmysql"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="19" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.code256.jsonmysql.RegActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
以下是一个 PDO php 类，它将验证我们所有的 POST 和 GET 请求，以便它们返回格式良好的 JSON 数组，并避免 SQL 注入和跨站点脚本攻击。
<?php
// These variables define the connection information for your MySQL database
// This is also for the Xampp example, if you are hosting on your own server,
//make the necessary changes (mybringback_travis, etc.)
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$host = "localhost";
$dbname = "safari256";
// UTF-8 is a character encoding scheme that allows you to conveniently store
// a wide varienty of special characters, like ¢ or €, in your database.
// By passing the following $options array to the database connection code we
// are telling the MySQL server that we want to communicate with it using UTF-8
// See Wikipedia for more information on UTF-8:
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
$options = array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES utf8');
// A try/catch statement is a common method of error handling in object oriented code.
// First, PHP executes the code within the try block. If at any time it encounters an
// error while executing that code, it stops immediately and jumps down to the
// catch block. For more detailed information on exceptions and try/catch blocks:
// http://us2.php.net/manual/en/language.exceptions.php
try
{
// This statement opens a connection to your database using the PDO library
// PDO is designed to provide a flexible interface between PHP and many
// different types of database servers. For more information on PDO:
// http://us2.php.net/manual/en/class.pdo.php
$db = new PDO("mysql:host={$host};dbname={$dbname};charset=utf8", $username, $password, $options);
}
catch(PDOException $ex)
{
// If an error occurs while opening a connection to your database, it will
// be trapped here. The script will output an error and stop executing.
// Note: On a production website, you should not output $ex->getMessage().
// It may provide an attacker with helpful information about your code
// (like your database username and password).
die("Failed to connect to the database: " . $ex->getMessage());
}
// This statement configures PDO to throw an exception when it encounters
// an error. This allows us to use try/catch blocks to trap database errors.
$db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
// This statement configures PDO to return database rows from your database using an associative
// array. This means the array will have string indexes, where the string value
// represents the name of the column in your database.
$db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
// This block of code is used to undo magic quotes. Magic quotes are a terrible
// feature that was removed from PHP as of PHP 5.4. However, older installations
// of PHP may still have magic quotes enabled and this code is necessary to
// prevent them from causing problems. For more information on magic quotes:
// https://php.ac.cn/manual/en/security.magicquotes.php
if(function_exists('get_magic_quotes_gpc') && get_magic_quotes_gpc())
{
function undo_magic_quotes_gpc(&$array)
{
foreach($array as &$value)
{
if(is_array($value))
{
undo_magic_quotes_gpc($value);
}
else
{
$value = stripslashes($value);
}
}
}
undo_magic_quotes_gpc($_POST);
undo_magic_quotes_gpc($_GET);
undo_magic_quotes_gpc($_COOKIE);
}
// This tells the web browser that your content is encoded using UTF-8
// and that it should submit content back to you using UTF-8
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
// This initializes a session. Sessions are used to store information about
// a visitor from one web page visit to the next. Unlike a cookie, the information is
// stored on the server-side and cannot be modified by the visitor. However,
// note that in most cases sessions do still use cookies and require the visitor
// to have cookies enabled. For more information about sessions:
// http://us.php.net/manual/en/book.session.php
session_start();
// Note that it is a good practice to NOT end your PHP files with a closing PHP tag.
// This prevents trailing newlines on the file from being included in your output,
// which can cause problems with redirecting users.
?>
以下是一个 php 类，用于执行基本的 MYSQL 函数，即 CREATE、UPDATE、DELETE 和 COUNT 查询影响的行数。
<?php
/**
* A class file to connect to database
*/
class DB_CONNECT {
// constructor
function __construct() {
// connecting to database
$this->connect();
}
// destructor
function __destruct() {
// closing db connection
$this->close();
}
/**
* Function to connect with database
*/
function connect() {
// import database connection variables
require_once __DIR__ . '/db_config.php';
// Connecting to mysql database
$con = mysql_connect(DB_SERVER, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD) or die(mysql_error());
// Selecing database
$db = mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASE) or die(mysql_error()) or die(mysql_error());
// returing connection cursor
return $con;
}
/**
* Function to close db connection
*/
function close() {
// closing db connection
mysql_close();
}
}
?>
以下是一个 php 代码，用于创建新用户并将其插入到我们的数据库中。
<?php
/*
* Following code will create a new user row
* All user details are read from HTTP Post Request
*/
// array for JSON response
$response = array();
// check for required fields
if (isset($_POST['fname']) && isset($_POST['lname']) && isset($_POST['username']) && isset($_POST['password']) && isset($_POST['location']) && isset($_POST['contact'])) {
$fname = $_POST['fname'];
$lname = $_POST['lname'];
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = $_POST['password'];
$location = $_POST['location'];
$contact = $_POST['contact'];
// include db connect class
require_once __DIR__ . '/db_connect.php';
// connecting to db
$db = new DB_CONNECT();
// mysql inserting a new row
$result = mysql_query("INSERT INTO users( username, password,first_name, last_name, location, contact) VALUES( '$username','$password','$fname', '$lname','$location','$contact')");
// check if row inserted or not
if ($result) {
// successfully inserted into database
$response["success"] = 1;
$response["message"] = "User successfully Registered.";
// echoing JSON response
echo json_encode($response);
} else {
// failed to insert row
$response["success"] = 0;
$response["message"] = "Oops! An error occurred.";
// echoing JSON response
echo json_encode($response);
}
} else {
// required field is missing
$response["success"] = 0;
$response["message"] = "Required field(s) is missing";
// echoing JSON response
echo json_encode($response);
}
?>
使用“var”按钮将变量或类名包装在 <code> 标签中，例如 this。
关注点
此源代码仅在您熟悉 JAVA、PHP/MYSQL 这三种技术时才有效。
使用模拟器速度较慢，但可以节省大量时间来尝试让手机和您的本地计算机使用相同的 IP 地址。使用模拟器，您只需确保从本地计算机获取 JSON 字符串的 URL 与您的 IP 地址相同即可。
历史
在此处保持您所做的任何更改或改进的实时更新。