在 .NET 中创建俄罗斯方块游戏
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在 .Net WinForms 平台上创建您自己的俄罗斯方块游戏。
引言
最近，在我常读的一个科技博客上，我看到了一篇关于历史上最畅销电子游戏的帖子。列表中排名第一的是经典的、极易上瘾的俄罗斯方块游戏。
很久很久以前，在一个遥远的星系，我是一名技艺高超的俄罗斯方块玩家。在我 18 岁那年，我在家乡的一家迪斯科酒吧当 DJ。那里有一台俄罗斯方块游戏机，我花了无数个小时在上面玩。许多夜晚，当我上床睡觉闭上眼睛时，我都能看到方块在下落。
从那时起，时光荏苒，但我仍然相信俄罗斯方块是有史以来最棒的电子游戏之一。
2000 年，我使用 Visual Basic 6.0 为 Planet Source Code 网站开发了一个 Tetris ActiveX 控件。凭借那个控件，我在 Planet Source Code 月度竞赛中赢得了一些奖项（一些软件套装，我记不清了）。你仍然可以 在此处 查看页面（并下载 ActiveX 控件及其源代码）。
现在，我认为是时候编写一个 .NET 版本了，因此本文向您介绍 **TetrisBox 类**：一个极其有用的 VB.NET 类，用于在 .NET Windows Forms 环境中创建高度可定制的俄罗斯方块游戏。
背景
我希望我的 TetrisBox 类能够成为一个尺寸可定制的俄罗斯方块游戏棋盘，并实现所有的逻辑和绘图工作，以便通过设置少量属性值并调用一些简单的方法就能轻松地玩俄罗斯方块游戏。一旦工作完成，我感到很自豪，因为我认为我已经实现了我所有的主要目标。
TetrisBox 类继承自 **System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox** 控件，因为它本质上是一个绘图表面。所有绘图工作都在重写的 **OnPaint** 方法中完成。由于继承了 PictureBox，它具有图形用户界面，可以放置在任何 Windows 窗体或用户控件上。
在内部，该盒子代表游戏棋盘，并逻辑上划分为单元格。单元格的数量由 **Rows** 和 **Columns** 属性定义，每个单元格的大小由 **CellSize** 属性定义，该属性使用像素。因此，例如，一个具有 20 行、10 列和 25 像素单元格大小的棋盘的宽度为 241 像素，高度为 481 像素（这是因为相邻的单元格共享边框）。
游戏运行时，控件首先绘制其背景（可以是纯色、渐变色或图片），然后绘制每个单元格。每个单元格的状态都以不同的结构保存在内存中。游戏开始时，棋盘是空的（所有单元格都为空），但随着方块的下落，单元格的状态可能会发生变化。每次棋盘需要重绘时都会完成所有绘图工作：当玩家移动下落的方块或下落的方块由于时间间隔而下落时。
实际上，这个类中最繁重的工作是控制每个下落的方块、它在游戏棋盘中的位置以及控制每个方块的移动和旋转。现在我将告诉你们我在这方面做了什么。我相信还有其他解决此问题的方法，甚至我相信其中许多方法可能比我的更好。
有 7 种不同类型的方块，如本表所示
正如你所见，最大的方块是红色的（尽管在 TetrisBox 类中你可以自定义每种方块的颜色），它宽（或高）为 4 个单元格。因此，我决定将每个方块表示在一个 4x4 的单元格矩阵中，如下所示
每种类型的方块在 4x4 矩阵内都有其各自可能的数量。例如，类型 1 的方块有 2 种可能的位置，而类型 2 的方块只有 1 种位置，类型 3 的方块最多有 4 种可能的位置。在每个方块的初始化代码中，我使用字符串列表数组来定义可能的位置。字符串中的每个字符代表 4x4 矩阵中的一列；列表中的每个 4 个字符的字符串代表 4x4 矩阵中的一行；数组中的每个字符串列表代表方块的一种可能位置。你可以在这张图片中更好地看到它
因此，用户可以对下落的方块进行 4 种不同的移动
- 左移：将方块向左移动 1 列。
- 右移：将方块向右移动 1 列。
- 旋转：更改方块在 4x4 方块矩阵中的位置。
- 下落：将方块向下移动 1 行。
当玩家尝试进行上述任何一种移动时，游戏逻辑会确保方块中已填充的单元格（在 4x4 矩阵中为“1”）保持在棋盘范围内，并且不与现有的固定单元格重叠。固定单元格是游戏棋盘中非空的单元格；当一个方块下落到其最终位置，因此无法再移动时，该下落方块中的已填充单元格将转换为游戏棋盘中的固定单元格。
计时器选择
游戏开始时，会启动一个计时器，以便在某个时间间隔内将下落的方块向下移动 1 行。在 .Net Framework 中，至少有 3 种不同的 Timer 类，你可以在 MSDN 上看到。我选择了 **System.Timers.Timer** 类，因为它具有精确的节拍器精度，并且可以在 UI 线程上引发 Elapsed 事件，而不是在其自己的线程上，这对于响应 Elapsed 事件更改 UI 非常有用。
困难
在我之前提到的游戏机中，存在某些“屏幕”（或游戏阶段），游戏会在其中增加一个或多个难度或障碍。我已经将它们实现在了该类中。第一个障碍是填充一个空单元格并将其转换为固定单元格（始终在基线下或现有固定单元格的上方）。第二个障碍是在底部添加一个新行，将游戏棋盘中所有固定单元格向上移动 1 行。新行完全填充，除了一个空单元格。你可以编程障碍出现的间隔（例如，你可以创建一个阶段，其中每 5 个新方块出现一个随机单元格，并且每当玩家完成 4 行时，底部就会出现一个新行）。
使用代码
以下是相关属性、方法和事件的快速参考
属性
- BackgroundStyle：获取或设置控件的背景样式（可以是纯色、渐变色或图片）。如果是图片，图片会拉伸以适应控件大小，并且必须加载到 **BackgroundImage** 属性中。如果你想要纯色，则必须使用 **BackColor** 属性。
- Block1Color 到 Block7Color：获取或设置每种方块类型的颜色。
- LeftKey、RightKey、RotateKey 和 DropKey：获取或设置每种移动使用的按键，因此你可以自定义游戏使用的按键。如果你制作一个双人游戏，这会非常有用：他们可以使用同一个键盘玩游戏，每个玩家都有自己的游戏按键。
- RamdomBlockColor：获取或设置出现随机方块时使用的颜色（参见“难度”）。
- UncompleteRowColor：获取或设置出现不完整行时使用的单元格颜色（参见“难度”）。
- TimerInterval：获取或设置计时器间隔（游戏速度）。间隔越短，速度越快。
- GradientColor1、GradientColor2 和 GradientDirection：获取或设置渐变背景的属性。
- Rows：获取或设置游戏棋盘的行数。
- Columns：获取或设置游戏棋盘的列数。
- CellSize：获取或设置单元格大小（像素）。
方法
- StartGame：开始新游戏（计时器已启用，因此方块开始下落）。
- StopGame：停止正在进行的游戏。
- Pause：暂停正在进行的游戏。
- Resume：恢复暂停的游戏。
- IsRunning：如果游戏正在运行（即使已暂停），则返回 True。
- IsPaused：如果正在运行的游戏已暂停，则返回 True。
- AddRandomBlock：将一个空棋盘单元格转换为一个固定单元格，始终在基线下或现有固定单元格的上方（参见“难度”）。
- AddUncompleteLine：在游戏棋盘的底部添加一条不完整的行，将棋盘中所有固定单元格向上移动 1 行（参见“难度”）。
- FreeRowsFromTop：返回从棋盘顶部开始到第一个包含固定单元格的行之间的完全空闲（没有固定单元格）的行数。你可以使用此值来奖励玩家（空闲行越多，得分越高）。
事件
- FullRows：每当玩家下落一个方块并完成 1 到 4 行时触发（他应该获得奖励！）。在 e 参数中，你可以检查 **NumberOfRows** 属性来查看一次完成了多少行。
- GameOver：当一个方块到达游戏棋盘顶部时触发。
- Starting：当游戏即将开始时触发（因为调用了 **StartGame** 方法）。
- NewBlock：每当创建一个新方块并开始下落时触发。在 e 参数中，你可以检查 **BlockType** 属性（存储新创建方块的类型）和 **NextBlockType** 属性（存储下一个方块的类型，一旦当前方块下落到最终位置就会出现；通常会显示给玩家）。
类
这是 TetrisBox 类的完整代码
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Public Class TetrisBox
'**********************************************************************************************
'*** This is my TetrisBox class made for an Experts Exchange article ***
'*** Feel free to modify and use at your convenience! ***
'*** Visit my profile on Experts Exchange for more articles and solutions: ***
'*** http://www.experts-exchange.com/members/RolandDeschain.html ***
'**********************************************************************************************
'*** Version 1.0.0.0 ***
'*** Released on 08/19/2014 ***
'**********************************************************************************************
'As this class is, basically, a Tetris drawing surface, I thought that it would be logical to inherit it from the PictureBox class
Inherits System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox
#Region "Public Enumerations"
'This enum is for the background style. You can choose between 3 background styles:
Public Enum BackgroundStyles
SolidColor 'Draw the background as a solid, unique color (use BackColor property)
Gradient 'Draw the background as a gradient (use GradientColor1, GradientColor2 and GradientDirection properties)
Picture 'Draw the background as a picture (use the BackgroundImage property, it will be stretched to the control size)
End Enum
#End Region
#Region "Private Classes"
Private Class Block
'This class represents a falling block in Tetris game. There are 7 different blocks, as you Tetris gamers sure know.
Private _type As Integer 'Stores the block type. In the Experts Exchange article you'll find a guide matching _type value with each associated block type.
Public Property Color As Color 'Each block type has a distinctive color.
Private _rotationsNumber As Integer 'Each block type has a concrete number of possible positions (rotations) in board.
Private _rotations As Dictionary(Of Integer, List(Of String)) = New Dictionary(Of Integer, List(Of String)) 'Stores the block definition for each rotation inside a 4x4 matrix
Private _currentRotation As Integer = 1 'The current position of the block
Public Property X As Integer = 0 'The current column inside board
Public Property Y As Integer = 0 'The current row inside board
Public Sub OffsetRotation()
'Sets the block to the next possible rotation, in response to the user pressing the rotate key
_currentRotation += 1
If (_currentRotation > _rotationsNumber) Then _currentRotation = 1
End Sub
Public Function FilledCell(ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer) As Boolean
'Returns True if the specified x,y position is filled inside the 4x4 matrix
Return Me.CurrentMatrix()(y).Substring(x, 1).Equals("1")
End Function
Public ReadOnly Property CurrentMatrix As List(Of String)
Get
'Returns the 4x4 matrix corresponding to the current rotation of the block
Return _rotations(_currentRotation)
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property NextRotationMatrix As List(Of String)
Get
'Returns the 4x4 matrix corresponding to the next rotation of the block
Dim nextRotation As Integer = _currentRotation + 1
If (nextRotation > _rotationsNumber) Then nextRotation = 1
Return _rotations(nextRotation)
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property Type As Integer
Get
'Returns the block's type
Return _type
End Get
End Property
Public Sub New(ByVal blockType As Integer)
'Initializes the class. Depending on the block type it will initialize with its own values
_type = blockType
Select Case _type
Case 1
Call InitializeBlock(New List(Of String) From {"0100", "0100", "0100", "0100"}, New List(Of String) From {"0000", "1111", "0000", "0000"})
Case 2
Call InitializeBlock(New List(Of String) From {"0110", "0110", "0000", "0000"})
Case 3
Call InitializeBlock(New List(Of String) From {"0100", "1110", "0000", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0100", "0110", "0100", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"1110", "0100", "0000", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0100", "1100", "0100", "0000"})
Case 4
Call InitializeBlock(New List(Of String) From {"0010", "0110", "0100", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0110", "0011", "0000", "0000"})
Case 5
Call InitializeBlock(New List(Of String) From {"0100", "0110", "0010", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0011", "0110", "0000", "0000"})
Case 6
Call InitializeBlock(New List(Of String) From {"0100", "0100", "0110", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0111", "0100", "0000", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0110", "0010", "0010", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0001", "0111", "0000", "0000"})
Case 7
Call InitializeBlock(New List(Of String) From {"0010", "0010", "0110", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0100", "0111", "0000", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0110", "0100", "0100", "0000"}, New List(Of String) From {"0111", "0001", "0000", "0000"})
End Select
End Sub
Private Sub InitializeBlock(ByVal ParamArray rotations() As List(Of String))
'Initializes a new block
'Set the number of possible rotations
_rotationsNumber = rotations.Length
'Set the 4x4 matrix of each possible rotation
For k As Integer = 0 To rotations.Length - 1
_rotations.Add(k + 1, rotations(k))
Next
End Sub
End Class
Private Class Cell
'This class represents a single cell (defined by its row and column) inside the game board
Public Property Row As Integer = 0 'Defines the cell row
Public Property Column As Integer = 0 'Defines the cell column
Public Property Fixed As Boolean = False 'When a block drops in the board to its ultimate position (and therefore it cannot be moved anymore), the board cells corresponding to the block filled cells become Fixed
Public Property Color As Color 'The color in which this cell must be painted in the board
Public Sub New(ByVal row As Integer, ByVal column As Integer)
'Instantiates a new Cell object passing its row and column
Me.Row = row
Me.Column = column
End Sub
End Class
Private Class CellPoint
'Really this class is very close to the System.Drawing.Point class, but I've overwritten its ToString function to return the row and column into a string
'that is helpful to me because it's the Key in the cells collection of the board.
Public Property Row As Integer = 0 'Represents the row
Public Property Column As Integer = 0 'Represents the column
Public Sub New(ByVal row As Integer, ByVal column As Integer)
'Instantiates a new CellPoint object passing its row and column
Me.Row = row
Me.Column = column
End Sub
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
'Returns a string that can be used as a Key in the cells collection of the board
Return Me.Row.ToString + "," + Me.Column.ToString
End Function
End Class
Private Class KeyboardHook
'This class is to globally capture keystrokes.
'Credits to sim0n for this: http://sim0n.wordpress.com/2009/03/28/vbnet-keyboard-hook-class/
'although I've modified this slightly to implement the IDisposable interface
Implements IDisposable
<DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.StdCall)> _
Private Overloads Shared Function SetWindowsHookEx(ByVal idHook As Integer, ByVal HookProc As HookProc, ByVal hInstance As IntPtr, ByVal wParam As Integer) As Integer
End Function
<DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.StdCall)> _
Private Overloads Shared Function CallNextHookEx(ByVal idHook As Integer, ByVal nCode As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Integer
End Function
<DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.StdCall)> _
Private Overloads Shared Function UnhookWindowsHookEx(ByVal idHook As Integer) As Boolean
End Function
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> _
Private Structure KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT
Public vkCode As UInt32
Public scanCode As UInt32
Public flags As KBDLLHOOKSTRUCTFlags
Public time As UInt32
Public dwExtraInfo As UIntPtr
End Structure
<Flags()> _
Private Enum KBDLLHOOKSTRUCTFlags As UInt32
LLKHF_EXTENDED = &H1
LLKHF_INJECTED = &H10
LLKHF_ALTDOWN = &H20
LLKHF_UP = &H80
End Enum
Public Event KeyDown(ByVal Key As Keys)
Public Event KeyUp(ByVal Key As Keys)
Private Const WH_KEYBOARD_LL As Integer = 13
Private Const HC_ACTION As Integer = 0
Private Const WM_KEYDOWN = &H100
Private Const WM_KEYUP = &H101
Private Const WM_SYSKEYDOWN = &H104
Private Const WM_SYSKEYUP = &H105
Private Delegate Function HookProc(ByVal nCode As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Integer
Private hookDelegate As HookProc = New HookProc(AddressOf KeyboardProc)
Private hookID As IntPtr = IntPtr.Zero
Private Function KeyboardProc(ByVal nCode As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Integer
If (nCode = HC_ACTION) Then
Dim struct As KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT
Select Case wParam
Case WM_KEYDOWN, WM_SYSKEYDOWN
RaiseEvent KeyDown(CType(CType(Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, struct.GetType()), KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT).vkCode, Keys))
Case WM_KEYUP, WM_SYSKEYUP
RaiseEvent KeyUp(CType(CType(Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, struct.GetType()), KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT).vkCode, Keys))
End Select
End If
Return CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, nCode, wParam, lParam)
End Function
Public Sub New()
hookID = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, hookDelegate, IntPtr.Zero, 0)
If hookID = IntPtr.Zero Then
Throw New Exception("Could not set keyboard hook")
End If
End Sub
#Region "IDisposable Support"
Private disposedValue As Boolean
' IDisposable
Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
If Not Me.disposedValue Then
If disposing Then
End If
If Not hookID = IntPtr.Zero Then
UnhookWindowsHookEx(hookID)
End If
End If
Me.disposedValue = True
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
Dispose(False)
MyBase.Finalize()
End Sub
Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
Dispose(True)
GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
End Sub
#End Region
End Class
Private Class Board
'This class represents the game board. Many of the game logic is implemented here.
Public Property Rows As Integer = 0 'Defines the number of rows
Public Property Columns As Integer = 0 'Defines the number of columns
Public Property Cells As Dictionary(Of String, Cell) 'Single-cell collection
Public Property FallingBlock As Block = Nothing 'The current falling block, if there's any
Public Property Block1Color As Color = Color.Red 'Allows to customize the color of the type 1 blocks
Public Property Block2Color As Color = Color.Blue 'Allows to customize the color of the type 2 blocks
Public Property Block3Color As Color = Color.Green 'Allows to customize the color of the type 3 blocks
Public Property Block4Color As Color = Color.Aqua 'Allows to customize the color of the type 4 blocks
Public Property Block5Color As Color = Color.Brown 'Allows to customize the color of the type 5 blocks
Public Property Block6Color As Color = Color.Yellow 'Allows to customize the color of the type 6 blocks
Public Property Block7Color As Color = Color.Purple 'Allows to customize the color of the type 7 blocks
Private _nextBlock As Integer = 0 'The next block that will fall after the current that is falling
Public Event FullRows(sender As Object, e As FullRowsEventArgs) 'Fires when the user completes any number of full rows. The completed rows will disappear.
Public Event GameOver(sender As Object, e As System.EventArgs) 'Fires when a block reaches the top of the game board.
Public Event GotNewBlock(sender As Object, e As NewBlockEventArgs) 'Fires every time a new block is created. This is useful for adding difficulties every certain number of blocks.
Public Sub New(ByVal rows As Integer, ByVal columns As Integer)
'Instantiates a new Board class passing its rows and columns number
'Set the number of rows
Me.Rows = rows
'Set the number of columns
Me.Columns = columns
'Initialize the Cell collection
Me.Cells = New Dictionary(Of String, Cell)
For row As Integer = 0 To Me.Rows - 1
For column As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
Me.Cells.Add(row.ToString + "," + column.ToString, New Cell(row, column))
Next
Next
End Sub
Private Function GetRandomNumber(ByVal lowerbound As Integer, ByVal upperbound As Integer) As Integer
'To get an integer random number inside a known interval, as seen on MSDN
Return CInt(Math.Floor((upperbound - lowerbound + 1) * Rnd())) + lowerbound
End Function
Public Function Rotate() As Boolean
'Tries to rotate the current falling block, returning True if the rotation has been done
If CanRotate() Then
Me.FallingBlock.OffsetRotation()
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Private Function CanRotate() As Boolean
'Ensures that the current falling block can rotate. It can rotate if, once rotated, keeps inside board margins and doesn't overlap with existing fixed cells.
If Me.FallingBlock IsNot Nothing Then
'Get the 4x4 matrix corresponding to the next rotation of the block
Dim nextRotation As List(Of String) = Me.FallingBlock.NextRotationMatrix
'Check each filled cell of the block. It must be inside board margins and not overlap with fixed cells.
For row As Integer = 0 To 3
For column As Integer = 0 To 3
If nextRotation(row).Substring(column, 1).Equals("1") Then
'This is a filled cell.
'Translate its coordinates to board-coordinates.
Dim pt As CellPoint = BlockToBoard(New CellPoint(row, column))
'Check if the cell is inside board margins and doesn't overlap with fixed cells.
If (pt.Column < 0) OrElse (pt.Column >= Me.Columns) OrElse (pt.Row < 0) OrElse (pt.Row >= Me.Rows) OrElse Me.Cells(New CellPoint(pt.Row, pt.Column).ToString).Fixed Then
Return False
End If
End If
Next
Next
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Public Function MoveLeft() As Boolean
'Tries to move the current block 1 column to the left, returning True if it has been moved
If CanMoveLeft() Then
Me.FallingBlock.X -= 1
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Private Function CanMoveLeft() As Boolean
'Ensures that the current falling block can move to the left. It can move if, once moved, keeps inside board margins and doesn't overlap with existing fixed cells.
If Me.FallingBlock IsNot Nothing Then
'Check each filled cell of the block. It must be inside board margins and not overlap with fixed cells.
For row As Integer = 0 To 3
For column As Integer = 0 To 3
If Me.FallingBlock.FilledCell(column, row) Then
'This is a filled cell.
'Translate its coordinates to board-coordinates.
Dim pt As CellPoint = BlockToBoard(New CellPoint(row, column))
'Check if the cell is inside board margins and doesn't overlap with fixed cells.
If pt.Column.Equals(0) OrElse Me.Cells(New CellPoint(pt.Row, pt.Column - 1).ToString).Fixed Then
Return False
End If
End If
Next
Next
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Private Function CanMoveRight() As Boolean
'Ensures that the current falling block can move to the right. It can move if, once moved, keeps inside board margins and doesn't overlap with existing fixed cells.
If Me.FallingBlock IsNot Nothing Then
'Check each filled cell of the block. It must be inside board margins and not overlap with fixed cells.
For row As Integer = 0 To 3
For column As Integer = 3 To 0 Step -1
If Me.FallingBlock.FilledCell(column, row) Then
'This is a filled cell.
'Translate its coordinates to board-coordinates.
Dim pt As CellPoint = BlockToBoard(New CellPoint(row, column))
'Check if the cell is inside board margins and doesn't overlap with fixed cells.
If pt.Column.Equals(Me.Columns - 1) OrElse Me.Cells(New CellPoint(pt.Row, pt.Column + 1).ToString).Fixed Then
Return False
End If
End If
Next
Next
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Public Function MoveRight() As Boolean
'Tries to move the current block 1 column to the right, returning True if it has been moved
If CanMoveRight() Then
Me.FallingBlock.X += 1
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Public Sub NewBlock()
'Creates a new block.
If _nextBlock.Equals(0) Then
'This is the first block requested, so get its block type randomly
Me.FallingBlock = New Block(GetRandomNumber(1, 7))
Else
'This is not the first block, so use the _nextBlock variable
Me.FallingBlock = New Block(_nextBlock)
End If
'Set the block color
Select Case Me.FallingBlock.Type
Case 1
Me.FallingBlock.Color = Me.Block1Color
Case 2
Me.FallingBlock.Color = Me.Block2Color
Case 3
Me.FallingBlock.Color = Me.Block3Color
Case 4
Me.FallingBlock.Color = Me.Block4Color
Case 5
Me.FallingBlock.Color = Me.Block5Color
Case 6
Me.FallingBlock.Color = Me.Block6Color
Case 7
Me.FallingBlock.Color = Me.Block7Color
End Select
'Select the next block to fall (after the one just chosen)
_nextBlock = GetRandomNumber(1, 7)
'Position the new block inside the board
Me.FallingBlock.X = (Me.Columns - 4) / 2
Me.FallingBlock.Y = 0
'Notify user that a new block has been created
RaiseEvent GotNewBlock(Me, New NewBlockEventArgs(Me.FallingBlock.Type, _nextBlock))
End Sub
Public Sub CheckBlock()
'Checks game logic with the falling block. Concretely, checks that:
'1) The falling block has reached the top of the board (it overlaps with existing fixed cells)
'2) The falling block has reached its ultimate position and, therefore, it cannot be moved anymore (for example, it has been dropped to the bottom of the board)
If Me.FallingBlock IsNot Nothing Then
'Let's see if the falling block overlaps with existing fixed cells. If so, the game is over
Dim overlapBlock As Boolean = False
'Check each existing filled cell on the current falling block
For row As Integer = 0 To 3
For column As Integer = 0 To 3
If Me.FallingBlock.FilledCell(column, row) Then
'This is a filled cell
'Translate its coordinates to board-coordinates
Dim pt As CellPoint = BlockToBoard(New CellPoint(row, column))
If Me.Cells(pt.ToString).Fixed Then
overlapBlock = True
Exit For
End If
End If
Next
If overlapBlock Then Exit For
Next
If overlapBlock Then
'An overlap exists. This is game over!
RaiseEvent GameOver(Me, New System.EventArgs)
Else
'Now check if the current falling block has been dropped to its ultimate position. If so, transform each filled cell of the block into a fixed cell on the board.
Dim fixBlock As Boolean = False
For column As Integer = 0 To 3
For row As Integer = 3 To 0 Step -1
If Me.FallingBlock.FilledCell(column, row) Then
Dim pt As CellPoint = BlockToBoard(New CellPoint(row, column))
'If the falling block has a filled cell just over the board's bottom, or just over a fixed cell in the next line, it must be fixed
If pt.Row.Equals(Me.Rows - 1) OrElse Me.Cells(New CellPoint(pt.Row + 1, pt.Column).ToString).Fixed Then
fixBlock = True
End If
Exit For
End If
Next
If fixBlock Then Exit For
Next
If fixBlock Then
'Transform each filled cell on the block into a fixed cell on the board
For row As Integer = 0 To 3
For column As Integer = 0 To 3
If Me.FallingBlock.FilledCell(column, row) Then
Dim pt As CellPoint = BlockToBoard(New CellPoint(row, column))
Me.Cells(pt.ToString).Fixed = True
Me.Cells(pt.ToString).Color = Me.FallingBlock.Color
End If
Next
Next
Me.FallingBlock = Nothing
'As a block has been dropped and fixed, check if the player has completed full rows
Call CheckFullRows()
End If
End If
End If
End Sub
Private Sub CheckFullRows()
'Checks if the player has completed full rows (this is the main Tetris objective!)
Dim fullRows As List(Of Integer) = New List(Of Integer)
'Check each row from bottom to top
For row As Integer = Me.Rows - 1 To 0 Step -1
Dim fullRow As Boolean = True
'Check if all columns are fixed in the row
For column As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
If (Not Me.Cells(row.ToString + "," + column.ToString).Fixed) Then
fullRow = False
Exit For
End If
Next
'The row is full filled
If fullRow Then fullRows.Add(row)
Next
If fullRows.Count > 0 Then
'Delete the full rows
For Each row As Integer In fullRows
Call DeleteRow(row)
Next
'Notify the user (you should probably reward the player)
RaiseEvent FullRows(Me, New FullRowsEventArgs(fullRows.Count))
End If
End Sub
Private Sub DeleteRow(ByVal row As Integer)
'Delete a row
'To delete a row, drop-down the entire board over the deleted row and clear the first row
For r As Integer = row To 1 Step -1
For col As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
Me.Cells(r.ToString + "," + col.ToString).Fixed = Me.Cells((r - 1).ToString + "," + col.ToString).Fixed
Me.Cells(r.ToString + "," + col.ToString).Color = Me.Cells((r - 1).ToString + "," + col.ToString).Color
Next
Next
'Clear the first row
For col As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
Me.Cells("0," + col.ToString).Fixed = False
Next
End Sub
Private Function BlockToBoard(ByVal p As CellPoint) As CellPoint
'Translate a block coordinate into a board coordinate
Return New CellPoint(p.Row + Me.FallingBlock.Y, p.Column + Me.FallingBlock.X)
End Function
Private Function BoardToBlock(ByVal p As CellPoint) As CellPoint
'Translate a board coordinate into a block coordinate
Return New CellPoint(p.Row - Me.FallingBlock.Y, p.Column - Me.FallingBlock.X)
End Function
Public Function GetCellColor(ByVal p As CellPoint) As Color
'Returns the color in which a cell must be painted. Defaults to Transparent, which means that the cell is empty.
Dim output As Color = Color.Transparent
If Me.Cells(p.Row.ToString + "," + p.Column.ToString).Fixed Then
'If the cell if fixed in the board, return its fixed color
output = Me.Cells(p.Row.ToString + "," + p.Column.ToString).Color
Else
'If the cell is inside the 4x4 matrix of the falling block...
If (Me.FallingBlock IsNot Nothing) AndAlso CellIsInsideBlock(p.Row, p.Column) Then
'Translate to block coordinates
Dim pt As CellPoint = BoardToBlock(p)
'If
If Me.FallingBlock.FilledCell(pt.Column, pt.Row) Then
output = Me.FallingBlock.Color
End If
'If Me.FallingBlock.CurrentMatrix(pt.Row).Substring(pt.Column, 1).Equals("1") Then
'End If
End If
End If
Return output
End Function
Private Function CellIsInsideBlock(ByVal row As Integer, ByVal column As Integer) As Boolean
'Returns true if the row,column coordinate (board system) is inside the current falling block 4x4 matrix
Return (row >= Me.FallingBlock.Y) AndAlso (row <= (Me.FallingBlock.Y + 3)) AndAlso (column >= Me.FallingBlock.X) AndAlso (column <= (Me.FallingBlock.X + 3))
End Function
End Class
#End Region
#Region "Public Classes"
Public Class FullRowsEventArgs
'Argument for the FullRows event.
Inherits System.EventArgs
'Contains the number of rows filled at once, from 1 to 4. In the classic Tetris game, the more rows you filled at once, the more points are you rewarded with.
Public Property NumberOfRows As Integer = 0
Public Sub New(ByVal numberOfRows As Integer)
Me.NumberOfRows = numberOfRows
End Sub
End Class
Public Class NewBlockEventArgs
'Argument for the NewBlock event.
Inherits System.EventArgs
'This property notifies about the falling block type
Public Property BlockType As Integer = 0
'This property notifies about the next falling block type
Public Property NextBlockType As Integer = 0
Public Sub New(ByVal blockType As Integer, ByVal nextBlockType As Integer)
Me.BlockType = blockType
Me.NextBlockType = nextBlockType
End Sub
End Class
#End Region
#Region "Public Events"
'Fires when the player completes entire rows
Public Event FullRows(sender As Object, e As FullRowsEventArgs)
'Fires when a block reaches the top of the board and, therefore, overlaps with existing fixed cells
Public Event GameOver(sender As Object, e As System.EventArgs)
'Fires when the game is about to start
Public Event Starting(sender As Object, e As System.EventArgs)
'Fires every time a new block is created
Public Event NewBlock(sender As Object, e As NewBlockEventArgs)
#End Region
#Region "Private Variables"
Private _rows As Integer = 20 'Number of board rows. Internal storage for Rows property.
Private _columns As Integer = 10 'Number of board columns. Internal storage for Columns property.
Private _cellSize As Integer = 25 'Cell size (in pixels). Internal storage for CellSize property. [Board width = Columns x CellSize] [Board height = Rows x CellSize]
Private _backgroundStyle As BackgroundStyles = BackgroundStyles.SolidColor 'Background style. Internal storage for BackgroundStyle property.
Private _gradientColor1 As Color = Color.SteelBlue 'First gradient color. Internal storage for GradientColor1 property.
Private _gradientColor2 As Color = Color.Black 'Second gradient color. Internal storage for GradientColor2 property.
Private _gradientDirection As Drawing2D.LinearGradientMode = Drawing2D.LinearGradientMode.Vertical 'Gradient direction. Internal storage for GradientDirection property.
Private _timer As System.Timers.Timer = Nothing 'Timer used to drop the falling block 1 row automatically.
Private _board As Board 'The board.
Private _running As Boolean = False 'Stores a value indicating whether the game is running or not
Private _pause As Boolean = False 'Stores a value indicating whether the game is paused or not
Private WithEvents _hook As KeyboardHook = Nothing 'Hook to catch keystrokes
#End Region
#Region "Constructor"
Public Sub New()
'Set DoubleBuffered to true to avoid screen-flickering.
Me.DoubleBuffered = True
'Instantiate the Timer and set a default interval of 1000 ms.
_timer = New Timers.Timer(1000)
'Set the SynchronizingObject of the timer (if not, the Elapsed event fires into its own subprocess and it's impossible to update the UI)
_timer.SynchronizingObject = Me
'Add a handler to the Elapsed event
AddHandler _timer.Elapsed, AddressOf TimerElapsed
End Sub
#End Region
#Region "Public Auto-Implemented Properties"
Public Property RandomBlockColor As Color = Color.LightYellow 'The color of random-generated blocks (difficulty)
Public Property UncompleteRowColor As Color = Color.LightYellow 'The color of umcomplete rows (difficulty)
Public Property LeftKey As Keys = Keys.Left 'Allows to customize the Left key for the game (defaults to the left direction key)
Public Property RightKey As Keys = Keys.Right 'Allows to customize the Right key for the game (defaults to the right direction key)
Public Property RotateKey As Keys = Keys.Up 'Allows to customize the Rotate key for the game (defaults to the up direction key)
Public Property DropKey As Keys = Keys.Down 'Allows to customize the Drop key for the game (defaults to the down direction key)
Public Property Block1Color As Color = Color.Red 'Allows to customize the color of the type 1 blocks
Public Property Block2Color As Color = Color.Blue 'Allows to customize the color of the type 2 blocks
Public Property Block3Color As Color = Color.Green 'Allows to customize the color of the type 3 blocks
Public Property Block4Color As Color = Color.Aqua 'Allows to customize the color of the type 4 blocks
Public Property Block5Color As Color = Color.Brown 'Allows to customize the color of the type 5 blocks
Public Property Block6Color As Color = Color.Yellow 'Allows to customize the color of the type 6 blocks
Public Property Block7Color As Color = Color.Purple 'Allows to customize the color of the type 7 blocks
#End Region
#Region "Public Properties"
'Gets or sets the Timer interval (game speed). The shorter interval, the higher speed.
Public Property TimerInterval As Integer
Get
Return _timer.Interval
End Get
Set(value As Integer)
_timer.Interval = value
End Set
End Property
'Gets or sets the first color of the gradient when BackgroundStyle = Gradient
Public Property GradientColor1 As Color
Get
Return _gradientColor1
End Get
Set(value As Color)
_gradientColor1 = value
If Me.BackgroundStyle = BackgroundStyles.Gradient Then Me.Invalidate()
End Set
End Property
'Gets or sets the second color of the gradient when BackgroundStyle = Gradient
Public Property GradientColor2 As Color
Get
Return _gradientColor2
End Get
Set(value As Color)
_gradientColor2 = value
If Me.BackgroundStyle = BackgroundStyles.Gradient Then Me.Invalidate()
End Set
End Property
'Gets or sets the direction of the gradient when BackgroundStyle = Gradient
Public Property GradientDirection As Drawing2D.LinearGradientMode
Get
Return _gradientDirection
End Get
Set(value As Drawing2D.LinearGradientMode)
_gradientDirection = value
If Me.BackgroundStyle = BackgroundStyles.Gradient Then Me.Invalidate()
End Set
End Property
'Gets or sets the background style
Public Property BackgroundStyle As BackgroundStyles
Get
Return _backgroundStyle
End Get
Set(value As BackgroundStyles)
_backgroundStyle = value
Me.Invalidate()
End Set
End Property
'Gets or sets the number of rows in the game board
Public Property Rows As Integer
Get
Return _rows
End Get
Set(value As Integer)
_rows = value
Me.Invalidate()
End Set
End Property
'Gets or sets the number of columns in the game board
Public Property Columns As Integer
Get
Return _columns
End Get
Set(value As Integer)
_columns = value
Me.Invalidate()
End Set
End Property
'Gets or sets the cell size (in pixels)
Public Property CellSize As Integer
Get
Return _cellSize
End Get
Set(value As Integer)
_cellSize = value
Me.Invalidate()
End Set
End Property
#End Region
#Region "OnPaint"
Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(e As PaintEventArgs)
'First, set the control's size
Me.Width = (Me.Columns * Me.CellSize) - (Me.Columns - 1)
Me.Height = (Me.Rows * Me.CellSize) - (Me.Rows - 1)
'Draw the background
Select Case Me.BackgroundStyle
Case BackgroundStyles.SolidColor
'Draws a single color
e.Graphics.Clear(Me.BackColor)
Case BackgroundStyles.Gradient
'Draws a gradient
Using b As Drawing2D.LinearGradientBrush = New Drawing2D.LinearGradientBrush(Me.DisplayRectangle, Me.GradientColor1, Me.GradientColor2, Me.GradientDirection)
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(b, Me.DisplayRectangle)
End Using
Case BackgroundStyles.Picture
'Draws a picture if BackgroundImage is set; if not, draws a single color
If Me.BackgroundImage IsNot Nothing Then
e.Graphics.DrawImage(Me.BackgroundImage, 0, 0, Me.Width, Me.Height)
Else
e.Graphics.Clear(Me.BackColor)
End If
End Select
'Paint cells
If _board IsNot Nothing Then
For row As Integer = 0 To Me.Rows - 1
For column As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
'Get the cell color
Dim c As Color = _board.GetCellColor(New CellPoint(row, column))
If c <> Color.Transparent Then
'Draw the cell background
Using b As SolidBrush = New SolidBrush(c)
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(b, New Rectangle(column * (Me.CellSize - 1), row * (Me.CellSize - 1), Me.CellSize - 1, Me.CellSize - 1))
End Using
'Draw the cell border
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(Pens.Black, New Rectangle(column * (Me.CellSize - 1), row * (Me.CellSize - 1), Me.CellSize - 1, Me.CellSize - 1))
End If
Next
Next
End If
End Sub
#End Region
#Region "Public Methods And Functions"
Public Sub StartGame()
'Starts a game
If (Not Me.IsRunning) AndAlso (Not Me.IsPaused) Then
'Initialize the ramdom number generator
Randomize()
'Initialize the game board
_board = New Board(Me.Rows, Me.Columns)
With _board
.Block1Color = Me.Block1Color
.Block2Color = Me.Block2Color
.Block3Color = Me.Block3Color
.Block4Color = Me.Block4Color
.Block5Color = Me.Block5Color
.Block6Color = Me.Block6Color
.Block7Color = Me.Block7Color
End With
'Add handlers to catch board events
AddHandler _board.FullRows, AddressOf CatchFullRows
AddHandler _board.GameOver, AddressOf CatchGameOver
AddHandler _board.GotNewBlock, AddressOf CatchNewBlock
'Set that the game is running
_running = True
'Initialize the keyboard hook
_hook = New KeyboardHook()
'Notify user
RaiseEvent Starting(Me, New System.EventArgs)
'Start the timer
_timer.Start()
End If
End Sub
Public Sub StopGame()
'Stops a running game
If Me.IsRunning() Then
'Stop the timer
_timer.Stop()
'Not running
_running = False
'Not paused
_pause = False
'Dispose the keyboard hook
_hook.Dispose()
_hook = Nothing
End If
End Sub
Public Function FreeRowsFromTop() As Integer
'In classic Tetris game, the game was not continuous, but the player should be playing among different screens, each one with its one goal. For example, the first
'screen was an initial empty board and the player must play until he completes 5 full rows. In this game system, when a new screen was achieved, the game rewarded
'the player not only for the full rows completed, but also for the completely free rows from the top of the board until the first not-completely free row. So you
'can use this function to get the number of free rows from board's top.
Dim freeRows As Integer = 0
If _board IsNot Nothing Then
For row As Integer = 0 To Me.Rows - 1
Dim freeRow As Boolean = True
For column As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
If _board.Cells(row.ToString + "," + column.ToString).Fixed Then
freeRow = False
Exit For
End If
Next
If freeRow Then
freeRows += 1
Else
Exit For
End If
Next
End If
Return freeRows
End Function
Public Sub AddRandomBlock()
'Adds a random block to the board. The block is always positioned over the board's bottom or a existing fixed cell.
'Choose the column
Dim whichColumn As Integer
Do
whichColumn = GetRandomNumber(0, Me.Columns - 1)
Loop Until (Not _board.Cells("0," + whichColumn.ToString).Fixed)
'Check for a fixed cell in the column to position the random block over it.
For row As Integer = Me.Rows - 1 To 0 Step -1
If (Not _board.Cells(row.ToString + "," + whichColumn.ToString).Fixed) Then
_board.Cells(row.ToString + "," + whichColumn.ToString).Fixed = True
_board.Cells(row.ToString + "," + whichColumn.ToString).Color = Me.RandomBlockColor
Me.Invalidate()
Exit For
End If
Next
End Sub
Public Sub AddUncompleteRow()
'Adds an uncomplete row at the bottom of the board, moving up the rest of the cells. This can cause a game over.
Dim forceGameOver As Boolean = False
'If there's a fixed cell in first row, moving up the entire board will cause a game over
If ThereIsSomethingInFirstRow() Then
forceGameOver = True
End If
'Move all the board up 1 row
For row As Integer = 0 To Me.Rows - 2
For column As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
_board.Cells(row.ToString + "," + column.ToString).Fixed = _board.Cells((row + 1).ToString + "," + column.ToString).Fixed
_board.Cells(row.ToString + "," + column.ToString).Color = _board.Cells((row + 1).ToString + "," + column.ToString).Color
Next
Next
'Choose the empty column
Dim emptyColumn As Integer = GetRandomNumber(0, Me.Columns - 1)
'Draw the uncomplete row
For column As Integer = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
If column.Equals(emptyColumn) Then
_board.Cells((Me.Rows - 1).ToString + "," + column.ToString).Fixed = False
Else
_board.Cells((Me.Rows - 1).ToString + "," + column.ToString).Fixed = True
_board.Cells((Me.Rows - 1).ToString + "," + column.ToString).Color = Me.UncompleteRowColor
End If
Next
'Redraw
Me.Invalidate()
End Sub
Public Function IsRunning() As Boolean
'Returns True if a game is running
Return _running
End Function
Public Function IsPaused() As Boolean
'Returns True if a game is paused
Return _pause
End Function
Public Sub Pause()
'Pauses a running game
If Me.IsRunning AndAlso (Not Me.IsPaused) Then
_pause = True
End If
End Sub
Public Sub [Resume]()
If Me.IsPaused Then
_pause = False
End If
End Sub
#End Region
#Region "Private Methods And Functions"
'Timer elapsed event
Private Sub TimerElapsed(sender As Object, e As System.EventArgs)
If (Not Me.IsPaused) Then
'Redraw the board and check the current falling block
Call RedrawAndCheckBlock()
If _board.FallingBlock Is Nothing Then
'If there's not a falling block, create new one
Call _board.NewBlock()
Call RedrawAndCheckBlock()
Else
'Drop the falling block 1 line
_board.FallingBlock.Y += 1
End If
End If
End Sub
'Redraws the board and checks the falling block
Private Sub RedrawAndCheckBlock()
Me.Invalidate()
Call _board.CheckBlock()
End Sub
'Catches keystrokes
Private Sub _hook_KeyDown(Key As Keys) Handles _hook.KeyDown
If (Not Me.IsPaused) Then
If Key = Me.LeftKey Then
If _board.MoveLeft() Then Call RedrawAndCheckBlock()
ElseIf Key = Me.RightKey Then
If _board.MoveRight() Then Call RedrawAndCheckBlock()
ElseIf Key = Me.DropKey Then
'If the user presses the Drop key, force a 1-line drop
Call TimerElapsed(Nothing, Nothing)
ElseIf Key = Me.RotateKey Then
If _board.Rotate() Then Call RedrawAndCheckBlock()
End If
End If
End Sub
'The board notifies that the player has completed full rows. Notify and redraw board.
Private Sub CatchFullRows(sender As Object, e As FullRowsEventArgs)
RaiseEvent FullRows(Me, e)
Me.Invalidate()
End Sub
'The board notifies that the game is over.
Private Sub CatchGameOver(sender As Object, e As System.EventArgs)
'Stop the game
Call StopGame()
'Notify the user
RaiseEvent GameOver(Me, e)
End Sub
'The board notifies that a new block has been created. Notify.
Private Sub CatchNewBlock(sender As Object, e As NewBlockEventArgs)
RaiseEvent NewBlock(sender, e)
End Sub
'Checks if there is a fixed cell in the first row
Private Function ThereIsSomethingInFirstRow() As Boolean
Dim output As Boolean = False
For column = 0 To Me.Columns - 1
If _board.Cells("0," + column.ToString).Fixed Then
output = True
Exit For
End If
Next
Return output
End Function
Private Function GetRandomNumber(ByVal lowerbound As Integer, ByVal upperbound As Integer) As Integer
'Get a random integer number as seen on MSDN
Return CInt(Math.Floor((upperbound - lowerbound + 1) * Rnd())) + lowerbound
End Function
#End Region
End Class
最后说明
说实话，关于 TetrisBox 类没有什么太多要说的了。我将所有代码封装在一个类中，因为它更容易管理和移植（尽管内部定义并使用了几个私有类）。请注意，这是 1.0.0.0 版本，可能包含错误，但主要工作已经完成。如果你发现任何错误，或者想要任何未实现的功能，请在此文章中发表评论，我将尽力修复。
如果你使用这个类，你会发现代码注释很详细。你可以随意下载、修改、使用并编写你自己的俄罗斯方块游戏。如果你以任何方式改进了这个类，请告诉我！我总是乐于学习。我测试了 2 个实例并行运行（用于双人游戏），效果也很好。我还附带了一个 .zip 文件，其中包含一个 Visual Studio 2013 VB.net Winforms 项目，其中有一个简单的游戏示例。
玩得开心!!
历史
- 2014 年 9 月 3 日 - 首次发布。