使用 Arduino 的室内气象站
5.00/5 (12投票s)
使用 Arduino 2009 和 Visual Basic 的完整气象站。
引言
在我使用 Arduino 2009 板的第一篇文章中，我描述了一个简单的温度传感器，使用 Visual Basic 进行接口。
我开发了该板和 Visual Basic 代码，以提供一个相当实用的室内气象站。
总体操作
Arduino 2009 作为一个独立的气象站。它不显示数据。它可以独立运行数月。它对传感器进行采样，直到 RAM 满。 RAM 样本存储在 SD 卡的一个扇区上。最终，一年的天气样本可以存储在 SD 卡上。
每次连接 PC 时，任何未存储的扇区都会上传到 PC 硬盘上的文件。然后可以使用 PC 显示器的所有功能进行显示。
中心思想是 PCc 拥有每个 SD 卡扇区的文件副本，并盖有记录的日期时间。
Arduino 室内气象站
程序的活动图
Arduino IDE 使用 C++，并且此活动图的实际程序很简单。
SD 卡当前扇区保存在 EEPROM 中，以便在断电或重置期间可以重复使用。 Arduino 有一个类 EEPROM，它只允许读取和写入字节。 要读取一个长整型（在 Arduino 中为 32 字节）需要一些工作
inline void ready()
{
unsigned long lastblock = 0; //the last block number saved in the sd card
unsigned long tempblock = 0;
tempblock = EEPROM.read(0); // remember the LSB of the last saved block
lastblock |= tempblock;
tempblock = EEPROM.read(1); // remember the next LSB of the last saved block
lastblock |= tempblock << 8;
tempblock = EEPROM.read(2); // remember the next LSB of the last saved block
lastblock |= tempblock << 16;
tempblock = EEPROM.read(3); // remember the next MSB of the last saved block
lastblock |= tempblock << 24;
Serial.println("ready"); //send computer the ready to reset message
Serial.println(lastblock); //send computer the last saved block number
delay(10000); //every 10 seconds
}//end of ready
Arduino 没有用于读取和写入 SD 卡的类，所以我编写了自己的类。 这是 *。h* 文件
/* Card type: Ver2.00 or later Standard Capacity SD Memory Card
1.0 and 2.0 GB cards purchased in 2009 work well.
Usage: Must have global variable.
volatile unsigned char buffer[512];
Function calls.
unsigned char error = SDCARD.readblock(unsigned long n);
unsigned char error = SDCARD.writeblock(unsigned long n);
error is 0 for correct operation
read copies the 512 bytes from sector n to buffer.
write copies the 512 bytes from buffer to the sector n.
References: SD Specifications. Part 1. Physical Layer Simplified Specification
Version 2.00 September 25, 2006 SD Group.
http://www.sdcard.org
Code examples: http://www.sensor-networks.org/index.php?page=0827727742
http://www.avrfreaks.net search "sd card"
Operation: The code reads/writes direct to the sectors on the sd card.
It does not use a FAT. If the card has been formatted the
FAT at the lowest sectors and files at the higher sectors
can be written over.
The card is not damaged but will need to be reformatted at
the lowest level to be used by windows/linux.
Timing: readblock or writeblock takes 44 msec.
Improvement: Could initialize so that can use version 1 sd and hc sd.
Instead of CMD1 need to use CMD8, CMD58 and CMD41.
*/
#ifndef SDCARD_h
#define SDCARD_h
#define setupSPI SPCR = 0x53; //Master mode, MSB first,
//SCK phase low, SCK idle low, clock/64
#define deselectSPI SPCR = 0x00; //deselect SPI after read write block
#define clearSPI SPSR = 0x00; // clear SPI interrupt bit
#define setupDDRB DDRB |= 0x2c; //set SS as output for cs
#define selectSDCARD PORTB &= ~0x04; //set the SS to 0 to select the sd card
#define deselectSDCARD PORTB |= 0x04; //set the SS to 1 to deselect the sd card
#include "WProgram.h"
class SDCARDclass
{
public:
unsigned char readblock(unsigned long Rstartblock);
unsigned char writeblock(unsigned long Wstartblock);
private:
unsigned char SD_reset(void);
unsigned char SD_sendCommand(unsigned char cmd, unsigned long arg);
unsigned char SPI_transmit(unsigned char data);
};//end of class SDCARDclass
extern SDCARDclass SDCARD;
#endif
因此，当我们需要保存一个数据扇区时，我们这样做
inline void lastblocksave()
{
unsigned int e = 0; //the error code from the sd card
e = SDCARD.writeblock(currentblock); //save this 256 block of integer data
while (e != 0) //cant continue if sd card not working
{
Serial.println("writesderror"); //send computer sd card error
Serial.println(e); //send computer the error number
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); //turn led on to show sd card error
delay(10000); //every 10 seconds
}//end of sd card not working
currentblock +=1; //go to the next block in sd card
EEPROM.write(0,currentblock); //write the LSB of saved block to EEPROM
EEPROM.write(1,currentblock >> 8); //write the next LSB of saved block to EEPROM
EEPROM.write(2,currentblock >> 16); //write the next LSB of saved block to EEPROM
EEPROM.write(3,currentblock >> 24); //write the MSB of saved block to EEPROM
ramaddress = 0; //we can now start again to save samples in RAM
}//end of sd save
PC 程序启动
PC 程序是使用 Microsoft 的 Visual Basic Express IDE 编写的。
当显示程序加载并在激活之前，我们创建一个启动窗体，其中包含所有上传数据样本的例程。
Private Sub ArduinoWeather_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
Dim f As New showstart
f.ShowDialog() 'startup form to connect to arduino
While My.Computer.FileSystem.FileExists(cd & "\" & last_sector)
last_sector += 1 'find the next block
End While
If My.Computer.FileSystem.FileExists(cd & "\archive") Then
Dim st As Stream = File.Open(cd & "\archive", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
Dim br As New BinaryReader(st) 'to get samples from stream
Try
Dim n As Integer = 0 'a counter
Do
archived(n) = br.ReadInt64()
archivedisplay.Items.Add(archived(n))
If archived(n) > lastblock Then lastblock = archived(n)
n += 1 'we get the largest archive block
If n = 100 Then Exit Do 'no more room
Loop
Catch ex As Exception 'exception of none left
Finally
br.Close() 'must close
st.Close()
End Try 'exit try when all read
End If
fill_buffers() 'get all the samples into thir buffers
If overflow.Text = "" Then 'enable displays
Try
com8 = My.Computer.Ports.OpenSerialPort("com8", 9600)
readthread = New Threading.Thread(AddressOf read)
readthread.Start() 'thread runs for whole program
'to get samples every 10 sec
Catch ex As Exception
comdisplay.Text = "no connection" & vbNewLine & _
"or" & vbNewLine & "no communication"
display_noconnect.Enabled = True 'just use a timer to display
End Try
End If
End Sub
启动窗体的活动图如下所示
此启动的全部目的是确保 SD 卡上的每个扇区都以其真实的采样时间记录在硬盘驱动器上。 我启动一个线程，该线程用于上传任何所需的数据。 以下代码是该程序的核心
Dim st As Stream = File.Open(save_sd, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)
Dim bw As New BinaryWriter(st) 'to send samples to stream
For i = 0 To 255 'all old samples
bw.Write(sd_samples(i)) 'send all the samples
Next 'sector stored in file
bw.Write(date_stamp.ToString("F")) 'add date to file
date_stamp = date_stamp.Add(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(850))
bw.Close() 'sends all samples to file
st.Close()
lastblock = j 'we have uploaded one sector
upload = "uploading"
Invoke(New messdelegate(AddressOf showmessage)) 'show the progress
用户将看到一个居中屏幕的窗体
接下来，在用户窗体加载中，我们确定扇区文件的数量。 然后，将存档文件存储在它们自己的文件中。 然后，我们从相关扇区文件中填充显示缓冲区。
最后，我们启动一个线程，该线程将读取将在当前显示器中显示的新数据样本。
最后，显示用户窗体
PC 程序用户窗体
显示图像在其自己的类中生成。 数据被传递到该类，然后将图像添加到用户窗体。 如果显示尽可能详细，即每个 10 秒的样本都有其自己的像素，则完整显示跨度将为 4 小时。 可以对数据进行平均，以给出每个显示跨度最多 4 周的数据。
可以偏移显示的开始时间，以允许查看 4 周数据的任何部分。 这可以在最大分辨率下进行（每样本 10 秒）。
此代码实现了该操作
Private Sub display_all()
Try
Dim Tinterrim_buffer(241919) As Int32 'interim buffer for temperature display
Dim Hinterrim_buffer(241919) As Int32 'interim buffer for humidity display
Dim Ainterrim_buffer(241919) As Int32 'interim buffer for air pressure display
Dim Cdisplay_start_time As DateTime 'the current display start time
Select Case True
Case RadioButton1.Checked
display_span = span_define(0) '4 hours
Case RadioButton2.Checked
display_span = span_define(1) '8 hours
Case RadioButton3.Checked
display_span = span_define(2) '12 hours
Case RadioButton4.Checked
display_span = span_define(3) '24 hours
Case RadioButton5.Checked
display_span = span_define(4) '2 days
Case RadioButton6.Checked
display_span = span_define(5) '4 days
Case RadioButton7.Checked
display_span = span_define(6) '7 days
Case RadioButton8.Checked
display_span = span_define(7) '2 weeks
Case RadioButton9.Checked
display_span = span_define(8) '4 weeks
End Select
For i = 0 To 241919
If i < last_pointer + 1 Then
Tinterrim_buffer(241919 - i) = temp_buffer(last_pointer - i)
Hinterrim_buffer(241919 - i) = humid_buffer(last_pointer - i)
Ainterrim_buffer(241919 - i) = air_buffer(last_pointer - i)
Else
Tinterrim_buffer(241919 - i) = 999999
Hinterrim_buffer(241919 - i) = 999999
Ainterrim_buffer(241919 - i) = 999999
End If
Next
d.display_span_time = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(240 * display_span)
Dim number_display As Integer = _
1440 * display_span - 1 'the width of current span
If cursor_time + number_display < 241920 Then
Cdisplay_start_time = display_start_time.AddDays(-28 * cursor_time / 241919)
Dim counter As Integer = 0
For i = 241919 - cursor_time To 0 _
Step -display_span 'copy working to display
Dim average = 0
For j = 0 To display_span - 1
average += Tinterrim_buffer(i - j)
Next 'straight average of the number of samples required
d.temperature(1439 - counter) = average / display_span
average = 0
For j = 0 To display_span - 1
average += Hinterrim_buffer(i - j)
Next 'straight average of the number of samples required
d.humidity(1439 - counter) = average / display_span
average = 0
For j = 0 To display_span - 1
average += Ainterrim_buffer(i - j)
Next 'straight average of the number of samples required
d.airpressure(1439 - counter) = average / display_span
counter += 1 'we have done one
If counter = 1440 Then Exit For
Next
Else
hasbeenoffset.Text = "selected offset out of range"
cursor_time = 0 'reset the value
End If
d.display_start_time = Cdisplay_start_time
If zoom_TH Or zoom_AR Then
If zoom_TH Then
d.full_temp_hum() 'expand temp humid
Else
d.full_air_rain() 'expand air rain
End If
Else 'normal display
d.scale_temp_hum()
d.scale_air_rain()
End If
Catch ex As Exception
End Try
End Sub
用户窗体可以启动文件管理窗体
这是存档文件的代码
Private Sub archivefile_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button5.Click
If My.Computer.FileSystem.FileExists(cd & "\archive") Then
Dim words() As String = archived.Text.Split(vbNewLine)
Dim x = CLng((words.Length - 1))
If archiveblock > CLng(words(words.Length - 2)) + 100 Then
Dim str As Stream = File.Open(cd & "\archive", _
FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write)
Dim bwr As New BinaryWriter(str) 'to send samples to stream
bwr.Write(archiveblock) 'send all the samples to disk
bwr.Close() 'sends all samples to file
str.Close()
Else
MsgBox("The archived block must be at least" & vbNewLine & _
"one day -that is 100 bigger than last")
End If
Dim st As Stream = File.Open(cd & "\archive", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
Dim br As New BinaryReader(st) 'to get samples
archived.Text = ""
Try
Do
archived.Text = archived.Text & (br.ReadInt64()) & vbNewLine
Loop
Catch ex As Exception 'exception of none left
Finally
br.Close() 'must close
st.Close()
End Try 'exit try when all read
End If
End Sub
气象站的电路图
